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A torque converter is actually a fluid coupling which is utilized in order to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, which is an internal combustion engine or as electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is same as a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanical clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter could provide the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque whenever there is a considerable difference between input and output rotational speed.
The most common type of torque converter used in car transmissions is the fluid coupling kind. In the 1920s there was also the Constantinesco or also known as pendulum-based torque converter. There are various mechanical designs utilized for always changeable transmissions that can multiply torque. Like for example, the Variomatic is a type which has a belt drive and expanding pulleys.
The 2 element drive fluid coupling cannot multiply torque. Torque converters have an part referred to as a stator. This changes the drive's characteristics through times of high slippage and produces an increase in torque output.
In a torque converter, there are a minimum of three rotating parts: the turbine, to be able to drive the load, the impeller which is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the turbine and the impeller so that it could alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Normally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be stopped from rotating under whatever condition and this is where the word stator originates from. In truth, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This design stops the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still permitting forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been changes which have been integrated periodically. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is needed, modifications to the modifications have proven to be worthy. Usually, these adjustments have taken the form of multiple stators and turbines. Each set has been intended to produce differing amounts of torque multiplication. Various instances consist of the Dynaflow which utilizes a five element converter in order to produce the wide range of torque multiplication needed to propel a heavy vehicle.
Although it is not strictly a part of classic torque converter design, various automotive converters include a lock-up clutch to lessen heat and to improve cruising power transmission efficiency. The application of the clutch locks the turbine to the impeller. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses associated with fluid drive.
