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There are several commercial and industrial buildings that now exceed 60 stories or more. These buildings all require tall cranes to be able to help transport the materials to the upper floors. There are cranes that have their own vehicle connected or other types which are operated from the back of trucks. Tower cranes are the largest types available on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures seen as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. Wherever new construction like skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities like shopping center are being constructed, odds are a crane will be on site.
Kinds
There are two different types of cranes: boom crane or the jib crane. The jib is a metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it lifts items. On a luffing kind of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both types can range from 30,000 lbs. to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The crane's body is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame that is a combination of individual parts. In order to increase the overall height of the machine, parts are added. The mast extends upward to wherever the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room which has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The crane operator works from inside of the tower.
Lift
The crane uses a braided metal cord to lift supplies. This cord extends out from a motor located next to the control module to the end of the jib or boom. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib located on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib has weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from tipping over when heavy materials are lifted.
Hydraulic truck cranes are a particular kind of mobile crane. These cranes make use of hydraulics and could lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulics makes use of forces being transmitted through oil pushing on the pistons of the boom in opposite directions so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are vital in building major projects such as airports, bridges, streets and buildings. A crane could complete in minutes jobs which will normally take hundreds of men and a lot of hours to accomplish.
The vast equipments are normally utilized in the building of cities, houses, entire nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even Egypt's Great Pyramids were probably constructed utilizing basic cranes to allow the heaviest materials in one of the most amazing construction projects of all time.
The first representation of a crane was featured during King Ramses' reign in Egypt during 3000 B.C. This was a portrayal of a lifting device that was used to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These devices were utilized to create a whole country throughout the 5th century B.C.
Originally, cranes were first made out of wood. It wasn't until the designers building dockyards decided they required something stronger and bigger did these machinery evolve. Hick & Rothwell designed the very first cast iron cranes within Bolton, England, during eighteen thirty four. This machinery was capable of lifting as much as 2 tons. That same year, the addition of wire rope was added to the crane by Herr Albert Sr. who was an Official of the German Superior Board. The wire rope made the crane stronger and more durable. This addition enabled cranes to have a larger capacity to lift heavy weights.
The wire ropes were weaved together forming a more powerful rope with even more strength. The newly formed wire also added more flexibility. 4 years later, Germany started to build cast iron cranes. The very first cast iron crane made by Germany was built in Neuburg.
