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Other specifications which are essential to think about when choosing a forklift are the stroke and lift capacity. Lift capacity is defined as the maximum, supportable force or load. Stroke is defined as the difference between completely raised and fully lowered lift positions.
Some of the other key specifications for the forklift are tire type and fuel type. The fuel choices available include: natural gas, liquid propane or LP, electricity, CNG or compressed natural gas, propane, diesel or gasoline.
For forklifts and fork trucks, there are two basic kinds of tires which can be used. They are: pneumatic and solid. The solid or cushion tires require less maintenance compared to pneumatic tires and do not easily puncture. Air-inflated or pneumatic tires provide load cushioning and great drive traction. At the end of the day, cushion or solid tires provide less shock absorption.
There are 5 classes of forklifts in general. Class I forklifts are defined as electric-motor rider trucks. They are either stand-up operator units or seated 3-wheel units. The rider units are counterbalanced and could have cushion or pneumatic tires. Class II forklifts are electric motor forklifts used for order picking or inventory stock or narrow aisle operation.
Either walk-behind or stand-rider operated electric-motor trucks are classified as Class III forklifts. Usually, automated pallet lift-trucks along with high lift models are often counterbalanced. Class IV forklifts are rider fork trucks which have cabs and seated controls. This class has IC or internal combustion engines and solid or cushion tires.
Class V forklifts are defined as rider fork trucks. They come complete with pneumatic tires and cabs and seated controls. Similar to Class IV forklifts, they are usually counterbalanced. Class VI forklifts are sit-down rider tow tractor lifts. Generally, they are powered by electric or internal combustion engines.
Class VII forklifts are generally designed to be used on rough terrain. These types of equipment are normally used in agriculture, construction and in logging environments. Last of all, Class VIII forklifts have all burden and personnel carriers.
In order to make sure that forklift operation is safe, a forklift training program must be attended by each worker.
All employees should be aware of forklift basics. Safety information should be provided in the form of handouts, and posted in posters and warning signs. The following are some important forklift training and safety tips:
1) An employee could only use a forklift if she or he is licensed. Never take risks with such big machinery. Forklift training must be taken really seriously.
2) Forklift operators should always use seat belts. Just because the forklift moves slowly doesn't mean that seat belts can be ignored. Accidents are less likely to result in personal injuries when seat belts are worn.
3) Establish a system for workers to report instances of damage or mechanical problems. As the employer, you must create an effective and efficient reporting system that is very easy to figure out. Workers must be trained correctly in forklift basics so that they can detect and report problems when they arise.
4) Staff should be trained how to lean away from the turn, and stay in the cab even when there is danger of overturning. Staff must not jump out. That's the best way to avoid serious injury.
5) Employees have to be trained to understand a forklift's weight capacity limit. A major cause of forklift accidents is related to tip overs caused by lifting very heavy loads. Employees must really know how much they could safely lift. A tip over could damage the whole forklift. Overloading is the biggest safety mistake an employee can make.
